Use the verb in the correct tense forms.

1. We put up our tent in the middle of a field last Sunday.
2. By the end of the war they had constructed a new bridge across the river.
3. She usually comes to school in time.
4. Where are the boys? They still have to play football.
5. Lock the door! – But I already locked the door.
6. I have never been to London.
7. This bridge will be built by the end of last year.
8. He said that he had left for New York the following week.
9. I was watching a football match on TV at six o’clock yesterday when my friends came to see me.
10. My chair broke yesterday.
11. This poem was written in 1967.
12. When I entered the room Mr. Brown was examining a student.
13. I had not seen Henry since last year.
14. He said that he will come to see us the next Friday.
15. This castle was built in the 10^th century.
16. When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
17. She usually drinks coffee in the morning, but today she chose tea.
18. By the time we finish this course, we will have learned a lot of new vocabulary.
19. While he was driving home, he suddenly realized that he had forgotten his phone.
20. If you study harder, you will pass the exam easily.
21. They have lived in this city since they moved here ten years ago.
22. I didn’t hear the phone because I was taking a shower.
23. This time next week, we are going to travel abroad.
24. She was tired because she had been working all day.
25. He said that he would call me as soon as he arrived.
26. We had not seen him for ages before we met again last night.
27. If it it rains tomorrow, we are going to stay at home.
28. She will prepare dinner when the guests arrive.
29. I have never been to Italy, but I hope to go there one day.
30. He finished his homework before he went out to play.
31. At the moment, the students are discussing the problem in groups.
32. When I was a child, I believed that everything was possible.
33. They had been waiting for over an hour when the bus finally came.
34. She asked me where I bought that book.
35. We have not decided yet what to do this weekend.
36. By 2030, many people are going to work from home.
37. He looked as if he had not slept for days.
38. While we were walking in the park, it started to snow.
39. She promised she would help me with the project.
40. I was nervous because I had never spoken in public before.
41. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
42. They are building a new school in our neighborhood at the moment.
43. He did not understand the question, so he asked the teacher.
44. After she finished her studies, she went to find a good job.
45. We had planned to leave early, but something unexpected happened.

What is your favourite thing about being alive?

My favourite thing about being alive is talking to my family and friends.

What’s your favourite book?

It’s hard to pick a favourite book, but I would either pick The Green Mile or The Shining, both of which are by Stephen King. They are both very well written books with very interesting characters and extremely good worldbuilding, and as a cherry on top they both had great movie adaptations.

If you could wave a magic wand, what would you change about your life?

There isn’t much I would like to change about my life. I’m quite happy with the way it’s going. If I were to change one thing, I would be less lazy, as it often stops me from reaching my full potential.

What is honesty?

Honesty is when you tell the truth to people. The importance of honesty lies in the fact that honesty is a major show of both trust and reliability. It shows that you trust the people you are honest with to do the right thing with the truth and it shows that you can be trusted. Honesty is a major part of trusting someone, so it’s very important for maintaining a strong connection with those you care about.

Why do we say “a lie” and “the truth”.

We say “a lie” and “the truth” because truths are essentially infinitely more important and valuable than the truth. For each one true thing people can make up endless lies. There are many debates on what the truth is, and there are many cases which, by nature, cannot have one objective truth. However, in the end, any truth is infintely more unique than any lie.

I. Form one sentence out of 2 sentences using the given conjunctions.Կազմի՛ր մեկ նախադասություն ներկայացված երկու նախադասություններից ` օգտագործելով տրված շաղկապները:Because, and, although, neither…nor

a) 1. You are very anxious.  2. You have passed the exam well.

Although you have passed the exam well, you are very anxious.

b) 1.  Today is the 10th anniversary of my parents’ marriage.  2. We are going to celebrate it.

Today is the 10th anniversary of my parents’ marriage and we are going to celebrate it.

c) 1. I don’t want coffee. 2.  I don’t want tea.

I don’t want neither coffee nor tea.

d) 1. I am not eager to take part in this party. 2. I am quite bored of it.

I am not eager to take part in this party because I am quite bored of it.

II. Finish the following sentences with a logical continuation.Ավարտիր նախադասությունները տրամաբանական շարունակությամբ:

a) Your participation in the conference is necessary because your opinion is important to us.

b) The sooner you confess the truth the lighter the consequences will be

c) He looks so happy as though he just got a promotion.

d) I could have helped you if you had told me earlier.

III. Imagine you have to give an interview for getting your favorite job. Here are interviewer’s questions.  Try to answer them.Պատկերացրու, որ դու հարցազրույցի ես մասնակցում՝ քո սիրելի աշխատանքը ստանալու համար: Ահա՛ հարցազրուցը վարողի հարցերը: Փորձի′ր պատասխանել:

a) Why did you leave your previous job?

I left my previous job because I felt like I was overqualified and I wanted a job that was closer to my skill level

b) What are your positive characteristic features?

I am a quick learner and I can and I like thinking about how I might be able to improve both myself and my abilities.

c)    What are your negative characteristic features?

I am often overly disappointed in the things I do wrong, regardless of how important they are.

d) Why should we choose you for this position?

I have many years of experience in both work and my hobbies, and this has been my dream job since childhood.

IV. Explain the meaning of these idioms.Բացատրի՛ր հետևյալ դարձվածքների նշանակությունը:

a) To cry over the spilt milk.

Stressing yourself out over something insignificant.

b) To kill two birds with one stone

To deal with two issues with one solution.

1. Do you live far from your office?
2. He hadn’t yet finished his work when I saw him.
3. I was woken up by my mother.
4. Besides literature we have to study history and mathematics.
5. I borrowed a book from the library.
6. For further information, see Page 123.
7. He offered to help us.
8. He suggested that we should take part in that festival.
9. The report will be ready by Monday.
10. She couldn’t answer either of the questions.

II. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1. By that time he had finished his work.
2. If you brought a chair with you, you could have sat.
3. I only understood that lesson after I had read it several times.
4. You will not be able to catch the 7:30 train unless you take a taxi.
5. I will call you as soon as he comes back.
6. If I am ever in Moscow, I am going to visit Tretiakov Picture Gallery.
7. I haven’t seen him since we left school.
8. I said that I will try to enter the university the next year.
9. He was sure that she would not be late for the meeting the following day.
10. Have you painted the walls yet?

III Put the following into indirect speech.

1. “If it rains this afternoon, we’ll have to postpone the match”, the coach said to us.

The coach told us that if it rains this afternoon, we will have to postpone the match.

2. “Will you come and see me next week-end?”, she said to her cousin.

She asked her cousin if they would come see her next week-end.

3. “Where were you the day before yesterday, Henry?”, he said.

He asked Henry where he was the day before yesterday.

4. “Don’t belive everything you hear’”, he warned me.

He warned me not to believe everything I hear.

5. “Why do the prices go up continually in Armenia?”, she wondered.

She wondered why the prices continually go up in Armenia.

6. Nelly asks, “Which is the most beautiful region in Armenia?”

Nelly asked which region was the most beautiful region in Armenia.

7. She said to the teacher, “May I go out for a minute?”

She asked the teacher if she could go out for a minute.

8. Peter said, “My father is making a report at the meeting tomorrow.”

Peter said his father would be making a report at the meeting tomorrow.

9. My sister said to me, “I got a strange E-mail from my teacher two days ago.”

My sister told me she got a strange E-mail from her teacher two days ago.

10. The detective asked me, “What were you doing at the university at such a late hour.”

The detective asked me what I was doing at the university at such a late hour.

IV Translate into English

1. Մեր տան դիմաց դպրոցի մի նոր շենք է կառուցվում:

In front of our house a new school building is being built.

2. Երբ ես քայլում էի փողոցով, ինչ-որ մեկը հարցրեց ինձ, թե որն է մետրոյի ամենամոտ կայարանը:

When I was walking down the street, someone asked me which metro station is the closest.

3. Մենք չենք հանդիպել դպրոցն ավարտելուց ի վեր:

We haven’t met after school ended.

4. Հարկ է որ դուք ավելի շատ ուշադրություն դարձնեք քերականությանը:

It is important that you focus more on grammar.

5. Երբ դու համալսարանի ուսանող լինես, քեզ կթույլատրեն գրքեր վերցնել այս գրադարանից:

When you’re a student at this university, they will let you borrow books from this library.

6. Նա ասաց, որ կկարողանա թարգմանել այդ տեքստը հաջորդ օրը:

He said that he would be able to translate this text tomorrow.

7. Եթե դու ճշմարտությունը չասես, այլևս քո հետ չեմ խոսի երբեք:

If you don’t tell the truth, I won’t talk with you anymore.

8. Առնո Բաբաջանյան փողոցը կառուցված կլինի մինչև ամառվա վերջը:

Arno Babajanyan street will have finished construction by the end of summer.

9. Ուսանողների քննում են 7-րդ սենյակում:

The students are taking the test in the 7th room.

10. Ցավում եմ, բայց դուք ստիպված կլինեք ևս մեկ անգամ հանձնել այս քննությունը

I regret to inform you that you will have to take this test one more time.

V. Can we ever truly know history

Humans have been documenting history for thousands of years, with recorded history going back around 5000 years. A lot of human history has been found, but not without many difficulties along the way. Much of what we know of history is inferred from limited evidence and information, and as such what we know of history can be somewhat shaky.

In addition, despite how much has been found, significantly more has been lost, even if you do not go into much detail. There are many different reasons for this. One of those reasons is that the records, objects, and locations that historians use to trace history are prone to destruction. Natural disasters and wars have often lead to large scale destruction which has limited the information historians have about the past. Furthermore, these objects will also naturally decay and weather due to wind, rain, animals, etc. which can lead to their distortion and make them harder to analyse. This is why many historians started to specifically preserve historical documents in dry, sealed areas to prevent the further decay and loss of records.

Humans have been recording history for a very long time, over 5000 years. Understanding our past is not only very interesting, but also helpful for understanding the nuances of culture and human behaviour. I personally believe that the study and preservation of human history is very important, as learning about the culture, lifestyle, etc. of the past is very interesting. There are many other practical benefits of studying history, but to me the number one reason history should be studied is that it is interesting to learn about the civilisations of the past.

However, I believe that unfortunately, people will also never truly be able to explore history in its entirety, as there are just too many factors limiting knowledge. Generally, far back in the past many things were not documented with anywhere near the detail they would be now, so there are many gaps in information such as exact army head counts and populations. There is also the issue of decay. Many historical artifacts will weather and erode by natural means, slowly reducing the information they can provide. This is why many historical artifacts are preserved in dry, sealed spaces. Many things have also been deliberately destroyed during wars and sieges, further adding to this uncertainty.

While it is true that most of history has likely been lost forever, I believe the study of human history should never stop. It helps us understand our cultures, the people of the past, and it is generally a connection to the past which is irreplaceable.

Translate into English

1. -Ինչու՞ ես գրքերդ թողնում գրասեղանի վրա:

• -Որպեսզի միշտ չփնտրեմ դրանք:

Why do you leave your books on the desk?

-To not have to search for them all the time.

2. Նա օգտագործում էր Grammarly ծրագիրը, որպեսզի լեզվական սխալներ չանի:

He used Grammarly so that he wouldn’t make linguistic mistakes.

3. Ես ուզում եմ համալսարան գնալ, որպեսզի տեսնեմ պարոն Հաթկինսին:

I want to go to university to see Mr. Hatkins.

4. Մատուցողը պետք է քաղաքավարի լինի հաճախորդների նկատմամբ, որպեսզի չկորցնի իր աշխատանքը:

The waiter needs to be civil with customers to not lose his job.

5. Ես բառարան նայեցի (look up in the dictionary), որպեսզի գտնեմ այդ բառի ճիշտ թարգմանությունը:

I checked the dictionary to find that word’s correct translation.

6. Նա փող է խնայում, որպեսզի նոր ավտոմեքենա գնի:

He was saving money to buy a new car.

7. Ինչու՞ աջ շրջվեցիր: – Որպեսզի խուսափեմ տնօրենին հանդիպելուց:

Why did you turn right? – To avoid seeing the principal.

8. Ես կորցրել էի իմ բանկային քարտը և ստիպված էի բանկ գնալ, որպեսզի պատվիրեմ նորը:

I lost my credit card and I had to go to the bank to get a new one.

Translate into English

1.Ես վախենում եմ թափառող շներից և այդ պատճառով գիշերները տնից դուրս չեմ գնում:

I’m afraid of roaming dogs, which is why I don’t leave the house at night.

2.Ես վախենում եմ ուտել այս սունկը: Այն թարմ չի թվում:

I am afraid of eating that mushroom. It doesn’t seem fresh.

3. Ես երբեք չեմ լողացել այս գետում: Ասում են, որ այս գետում Պիրաններ կան: Ես վախենում եմ դրանց հանդիպել:

I have never swum in this lake. They say that there are piranhas in there. I’m afraid to meet them.

4. Թռիր ջուրը: Ի՞նչ ես ասում, ես վախենում եմ խեղդվելուց(get drowned): Անծանոթ գետ է:

Jump into the water. What are you saying, I’m afraid of drowning. That lake is unfamiliar.

Translate into English

1.Սա բավականաչափ հետաքրքիր գիրք է:

This is an interesting enough book.

2. Այս գիրքը բավականաչափ հետաքրքիր է:

This book is interesting enough.

Translate into English

1.Ոմն (ինչ-որ մի) Ռեբեկա ինձ հաղորդագրություն է ուղարկել:

A Rebecca sent me a news article.

2.Ոչ, սա այն Երևանը չէ, որտեղ ես անցկացրել եմ իմ մանկությունը: Այն շատ է փոխվել:

This is not the Yerevan where I spent my childhood. It has changed a lot.

3. Հակոբյանները որոշել են իրենց արձակուրդը անցկացնել Իսպանիայում:

The Hakopyans have decided to spend their vacation in Spain.

Translate into English

1. Աղքատները չեն հասկանում հարուստներին, իսկ հարուստներն էլ չեն հասկանում աղքատներին:

The poor don’t understand the rich, and the rich don’t understand the poor.

2. Շտապ օգնության ավտոմեքենաները վիրավորներին տարան հիվանդանոց:

The emergency cars took the injured to the hospital.

3. Գործազուրկներն իրենք են մեղավոր (to be to blame for something) իրենց կարգավիճակի (status) համար:

The unemployed are to blame for their status.

4. Երիտասարդները չեն հասկանում ծերերին, իսկ ծերերն էլ չեն հասկանում երիտասարդներին:

The young don’t understand the elderly, and the elderly don’t understand the young.

5. Հաշմանդամների քանակը ավելացավ 44-օրյա պատերազմից հետո:

The injured increased in numbers after the 44 day war.

6. Անտուն մարդկանց քանակն ավելացավ 44-օրյա պատերազմից հետո:

The homeless increased in numbers after the 44 day war.

7. Տարեցների կենսաթոշակները բավականաչափ չեն արժանապատիվ կյանքով ապրելու համար: (to live a dignified life)

The pensions of the elderly are not enough to live a dignified life.